is there in fact any use for this in the studio build?
Perhaps:
Not really, unless you know what that actual technical specs are for that stuff.
Let's take then one by one:
- underneath walls to seat + seal them (foam)
No. What you need under your walls is something that sticks and seals and remains flexible. Acoustic caulk is the best for that, and second-best is some types of bathroom/kitchen caulk.
- between walls and upright framing beams (foam)
Nope. your wall framing cannot touch anything else at all, so there is no "between". The framing stands on the floor, and is sealed to the floor with caulk, but it does not touch any other walls or ceilings at all.
- underneath the 2cm thick wooden floorboards (concrete underneath that)
This is the ONLY possibility, but I'm not convinced that it would be useful here either: Check with the manufacturer of the flooring, to find out what types of underlay are acceptable, and use only that. However, 2cm is rather thick for laminate flooring: normally it is around 8 - 14mm. Are you sure about that? The thicker your flooring, the less headroom you have.... make them as thin as you can.
- construction of hangers
No. Hangers need a core of light-weight compressed fiber-board, about 6-8 kg/m3, and about 3cm thick, with thick (5-10cm) medium density porous insulation attached (about 30 kg/m3 for fiberglass insulation, or 50 kg/m3 for mineral wool). What you have would not work for either of those.
- ceiling treatment? (carpet)
Carpet? In a studio? And on the CEILING???

Why would you want to do THAT????
- covering base traps? (carpet)
A very distant possibility, but we'd need to know all about the technical characteristics of that stuff.
... anything at all?!!
To be honest: perhaps, but probably not.
- Stuart -